How to Obtain a Social Security Number for New Immigrants

How to Get Your Social Security Number: A Simple Guide for New Immigrants

If you are a new immigrant in the United States, obtaining a Social Security Number (SSN) is a vital step toward working, paying taxes, and accessing government services. This guide explains how to secure your number and what to do if you run into delays.

Quick Checklist: How to Start

  • Check your eligibility: Determine if you are authorized to work.
  • Use the integrated method: Request an SSN on your DHS forms whenever possible.
  • Apply in person: If the automatic method is not available, visit an SSA office.
  • Do not pay fees: Remember that the SSA never charges for an original or replacement card.

    • Two Ways to Apply

    1. The Integrated Method (Before or Upon Arrival)

    Requesting an SSN while you handle your other immigration paperwork is the most efficient path. When you fill out specific Department of Homeland Security (DHS) forms, you can authorize the government to share your details with the Social Security Administration (SSA).

    * Form I-765 (Work Permits): By answering “Yes” to the SSN request question on your Application for Employment Authorization, you initiate the process. Please note that this is not a universal guarantee, as the SSA must still verify your eligibility.
    * Form DS-260 (Visa Applicants): If you apply for an immigrant visa from abroad, you can request an SSN during this process. Upon your arrival, the DHS notifies the SSA to begin issuing your card.

    Timeline note: If you use the integrated application method, you should generally receive your card within three weeks of your arrival in the U.S. If it does not arrive after this time, please contact your local SSA field office.

    2. Manual Application (In-Person)

    If you did not request a card during your initial immigration filing, or if your application requires further verification, you must visit a local Social Security office. Staff members there will verify your original documents in person to ensure accuracy.

    To apply, bring these original items (photocopies or notarized documents are not accepted):

  • Proof of Identity: A current, valid foreign passport is the standard document used for verification.
  • Proof of Immigration Status: Provide your I-94 arrival/departure record, your visa, or your Employment Authorization Document (EAD).
  • Application Form: A completed Form SS-5, which you can find on the official SSA website.

    • Understanding Your Social Security Card

    The SSA categorizes cards based on your immigration status. The three types are:

  • Unrestricted Cards: These go to Lawful Permanent Residents (Green Card holders). They allow you to work for any employer.
  • Restricted Cards: These bear the note “Valid for Work Only With DHS Authorization.” You must present your work permit to your employer alongside this card.
  • Non-Work Cards: For individuals who need an SSN for federal or state benefits but do not have work authorization. These are marked “Not Valid for Employment.”

    • Important Reminders

  • Tax Obligations: If you are not yet eligible for an SSN, you may still have tax filing requirements. You might need to apply for an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) through the IRS. Learn more at IRS.gov.
  • Stay Secure: Never pay for an original or replacement card. Only trust information from government websites ending in “.gov.”
  • Need More Help? Use the official SSA Office Locator tool to find your nearest office or to schedule an appointment if necessary.

Sources: SSA Official Guide for Immigrants, SSA Program Operations Manual System (POMS)